![]() ![]() Both results indicate that investment in sorghum and millet research generates high social rates of return. ![]() These results show that the MIRR estimates are significantly smaller than the reported ROR estimates. The study also reconstructed modified internal rate of return (MIRR) for a sub-sample of the reported RORs following recent methods from the literature. The ROR is higher for studies conducted in the United States and for those conducted more recently. Estimates conducted at national level also are significantly lower than those conducted at sub-national levels. Here are some examples of tone in lines from famous movies: Go ahead, make my day. ![]() Compared to estimates conducted by a university, results from international institutions and other mixed organizations provided significantly smaller estimates. In contrast, movie lines allow actors to utilize tone to an extent that it sometimes overshadows the words being spoken. Results show that ex-ante type and self-evaluated type of analyses are positively and significantly associated with the ROR estimates. Regression models analyzed the determinants of variation in the reported RORs. Nearly three quarter of the studies focused only on sorghum (72 percent) and around one tenth of the studies (8 percent) on millet. At its fundamental core, an archetype is an original pattern or model. All studies computed social rather than private RORs because the technologies were developed using public funds originating from host country National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and international organizations such as the INTSORMIL CRSP, ICRISAT and others. The average rate of return to sorghum and millet R&D investment is between 54-76 percent per year. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 59 sorghum and millet ROR estimates obtained from 25 sources published between 19. The Internal Rate of Return (ROR) is one of the most popular metrics used to measure the economic return on investment on agricultural research and development (R&D). Yet, few studies document the impact of sorghum and millet genetic enhancement. (type) and their NT counterparts (antetype) by way of foreshadowing or prototype. These crops are amongst the top five cereal sources of food and feed. obvious symbolic representation in literature (extended metaphor). Sorghum and millet grow in some of the most heterogeneous and austere agroecologies around the world. ![]()
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